Employment, Job Creation, and Economic Growth

This Discussion Note is part of the S4YE series focusing on the design and implementation of youth employment programs. The Note focuses on the creative and cultural industries and delves into how the advent of disruptive technology is likely to transform businesses, create new jobs and change the nature of existing ones that are part of creative and cultural industries. The Note discusses three main types of technologies that are increasingly being adapted across creative economy sectors: Artificial intelligence (AI), Cloud and Blockchain, Augmented and Virtual

This note is part of a series of Solutions for Youth Employment (S4YE) knowledge briefs focused on the Orange Economy or creative sectors. This third note discusses the film industry and its potential to be a source of jobs for youth. It highlights the contribution of the film industry to employment generation, economic growth, the formation of cultural and social values, and identity. The note also delves into emerging labor market trends in the film industry and analyzes the sector’s workforce composition by gender, education, and age.

To better address gender inequalities and promote an inclusive environment, the supra-regional project, Cultural and Creative Industries, commissioned a gender analysis. It highlights gender-based differences in terms of the relative distribution of resources, opportunities, constraints and power in the Creative and Cultural Industries.

In Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon, professions in creative and cultural industries have long been regarded as non-serious jobs by society, government authorities, and economic players. However, with the ever-increasing demand for digital design professionals, especially in the field of User Experience/User Interface (UX/UI) design, the domestic supply cannot keep up with the needs of the market. Therefore, Re:Coded and GIZ teamed up to change this perception.

EGSINA is a collective of designers that have joined forces to organise tours promoting local Senegalese fashion across multiple countries. EGSINA’s innovative approach demonstrates how a collective of designers can help develop and promote the national fashion industry. With organisational development support from GIZ, to date, EGSINA generates enough revenue to self-finance its tours.

The Report also provides an outline of trends shaping the nature of work in the African CCE and policies, as well as an analysis of the decent work challenges in the different countries and subsectors. The study chose five sectors of the CCE to investigate more thoroughly, each located in one of the five subregions of Africa: cultural heritage in Egypt, dance in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), fashion in the United Republic of Tanzania, film and TV in Nigeria, and live music in South Africa.

The study begins by outlining the EPA’s key provisions in the field of culture. It then examines the institutional landscape and focuses in particular on measures taken by EPA Parties to implement its culture-related provisions. The overall performance of the EPA so far is evaluated with data, practices and other pieces of anecdotal evidence that may reveal the extent to which the EPA has had an impact on cultural activities and actors. It also identifies gaps or missed opportunities that can be addressed in future implementation strategies. Policy recommendations conclude this study.

The overall economic impact, social role and status of cultural professionals involved in the film industries of the Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) remain relatively understudied. However, the film industry is recognized as one of the oldest and most developed cultural and creative industries of the region since the mid 20th century. In this context, this publication assesses the film industries of Central Asia and concerned legislation.

 This discussion paper was prepared by the OECD at the request of Indonesia G20 Presidency to support the discussions in the G20 Tourism Working Group on 23 September 2022, and the G20 Tourism Ministers Meeting on 26 September 2022.